Scientific notation is a
way of writing numbers that are too big or too small to be conveniently written
in decimal form
The number 123,000,000,000 in scientific notation is written as
:
Engineering notation is a version of scientific notation in which the powers of
ten must be multiples of three
they are powers of a thousand, but written as, for example, 106
instead of 10002).
| tera
|
T
|
1,000,000,000,000
|
1012
|
| giga
|
G
|
1,000,000,000
|
109
|
| mega
|
M
|
1,000,000
|
106
|
| kilo
|
k
|
1,000
|
103
|
| |
1
|
100
|
| milli
|
m
|
0.001
|
10¯3
|
| micro
|
ยต
|
0.000001
|
10¯6
|
| nano
|
n
|
0.000000001
|
10¯9
|
| pico
|
p
|
0.000000000001
|
10¯12
|
1- Ones complement
2- two complement
3- two complement
4- two complement
5-Ones complement
to get negitive number
|
Decimal
|
Hexadecimal
|
Octal
|
Binary
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0000 0000
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0000 0001
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
0000 0010
|
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
0000 0011
|
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
0000 0100
|
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
0000 0101
|
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
0000 0110
|
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
0000 0111
|
|
8
|
8
|
10
|
0000 1000
|
|
9
|
9
|
11
|
0000 1001
|
|
10
|
A
|
12
|
0000 1010
|
|
11
|
B
|
13
|
0000 1011
|
|
12
|
C
|
14
|
0000 1100
|
|
13
|
D
|
15
|
0000 1101
|
|
14
|
E
|
16
|
0000 1110
|
|
15
|
F
|
17
|
0000 1111
|
|
16
|
10
|
20
|
0001 0000
|
|
17
|
11
|
21
|
0001 0001
|
|
18
|
12
|
22
|
0001 0010
|
|
19
|
13
|
23
|
0001 0011
|
|
20
|
14
|
24
|
0001 0100
|
|
21
|
15
|
25
|
0001 0101
|
|
22
|
16
|
26
|
0001 0110
|
|
23
|
17
|
27
|
0001 0111
|
|
24
|
18
|
30
|
0001 1000
|
|
25
|
19
|
31
|
0001 1001
|
|
26
|
1A
|
32
|
0001 1010
|
|
27
|
1B
|
33
|
0001 1011
|
|
28
|
1C
|
34
|
0001 1100
|
|
29
|
1D
|
35
|
0001 1101
|
|
30
|
1E
|
36
|
0001 1110
|
Level 6 - User : Program excution and user interface, the person for whom a hardware or software product is designed from the
developers, installers, and servicers of the product.
Level 5 - High-Level Language: It is a computer programming Language that the computer will run which is designed to reflect the requirements that the user resembles.
Level 4 - Assembly Language: A simple type of computer programming language which is used to approximate binary amachine code and uses symbols to communicate with the computer language of a certain machine used.
Level 3 - System Software: is a collection of files and programs that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it which makes up the computer's operating system
Level 2 - Machine: A set of instructions for a specific central processing
unit, designed to be usable by a computer without being translated.
Level 1 - Control Unit: The Control Unit (CU) is the circuitry that controls the
flow of information through the processor, and coordinates the activities of the
other units within the processor.
Level 0 -Digital Logic: Where we find the physical components of the computer ( digital circuit , which consist of gates and wires).
